UV-B对紫叶生菜生长及品质的影响初探

为探讨UV-B在植物工厂紫叶生菜水培种植中的应用,本实验在红蓝组合光中添加不同强度的UV-B,研究对紫叶生菜生长及品质的影响。结果表明：随着UV-B强度的增加,紫叶生菜株高及地上鲜重受到显著抑制。高强度下UV-B辐射会降低紫叶生菜可溶性糖和Vc含量,显著增加花青素及总酚含量,提高抗氧化能力。UV-B辐射可以加深紫叶生菜颜色,对鲜重会产生抑制,需要进一步减少辐射时间。     

施钙对瘠薄红壤旱地花生土壤理化性质的影响

为探讨钙肥对瘠薄红壤旱地花生土壤理化性质影响，同时为优化花生生长环境提供理论依据，本研究在 湖南长沙选取红壤瘠薄旱地以及3个不同粒型大小花生品种（大粒湘花2008、中粒湘花55、小粒蓝山小籽），运用土 柱试验栽培法，设置施钙肥（CaO）和不施钙2个处理，对花生主要生育期的根际、0~20cm土壤理化性质进行测试与 分析。结果表明：在缺钙酸性土壤下，施钙能提高所有品种、各时期（成熟期略有不同）、各土层花生土壤的pH值， 调节土壤过酸强度；提升土壤有机质含量（蓝山小籽＞湘花2008＞湘花55）；显著增加土壤碱解氮含量（湘花55＞湘 花2008＞蓝山小籽）；更好地提高大、中粒型品种土壤有效钾含量；降低大、中粒型品种土壤有效磷含量。因此，在 氮、磷、钾营养元素充足，钙元素缺失的土壤下，增施石灰钙肥，既可降低土壤酸度，又能提高有机质、碱解氮、有效 钾含量，却降低速效磷含量，在缺钙酸性土壤花生生产中施用石灰时应增施磷肥，从而保障花生高产高效栽培。     

Phenotypic and genotypic characterization of canine pyoderma isolates of Staphylococcus pseudintermedius for biofilm formation

Biofilm-forming ability is increasingly being recognized as an important virulence factor in several Staphylococcus species. This study evaluated the biofilm-forming ability of sixty canine derived clinical isolates of S. pseudintermedius, using three phenotypic methods, microtiter plate test (MtP), Congo red agar method (CRA) and tube adherence test, and the presence and impact of biofilm-associated genes (icaA and icaD). The results showed that icaA and icaD genes were detected concomitantly in 55 (91.7%) of 60 isolates. A majority (88.3%) of the strains screened had matching results by the tube adherence test, MtP and PCR analysis. Better agreement (95%) was found between the PCR-based analysis and the CRA. Results of the icaA and icaD gene PCRs showed good agreement with CRA results, with a kappa of 0.7. Comparing the phenotypic methods, the statistical analysis showed that the agreement among the phenotypical tests using categorical data was generally good. Considering two classes (biofilm producer and biofilm non-producer), the percentage of matching results between the CRA method and the tube adherence test and between the CRA method and the MtP was 93.3%. A concordance of 100% was revealed between the MtP and the tube adherence test. The results indicate a high prevalence of the ica genes within S. pseudintermedius isolates, and their presence is associated with in vitro formation of a biofilm. A combination of phenotypic and genotypic tests is recommended for investigating biofilm formation in S. pseudintermedius.     

苹果废弃枝条与有机肥配用对高原红富士苹果产量和品质的影响

摘要：【目的】苹果树修剪掉的枝条是果园最常见的废弃物,探究苹果废弃枝条与有机肥配用直接还田对红富士苹果产量和品质的影响对提高果园废弃资源利用率具有重要意义。【方法】本试验以14年生乔砧红富士果树为对象,将冬季修剪无病虫害的苹果废弃枝条与有机肥配施处理,连续开展了2年定位试验,研究其对红富士苹果产量和品质的影响。【结果】1)与对照比,苹果废弃枝条与有机肥配施,明显提高土壤有机质和氮磷钾主要养分含量,苹果废弃枝条L5（10kg/棵+有机肥60kg/棵）和L6（苹果废弃枝条10kg/棵+有机肥70kg/棵）对果园有机质、碱解性氮、速效磷和速效钾含量提高最高,且L5和L6之间差异性不显著;2)与对照比,苹果废弃枝条与有机肥配施普遍提高单果重、单株结果量和单株产量,2年定位试验中均是L5和L6提高量最高;3)与对照比,苹果废弃枝与有机肥配施可以显著提高苹果果实硬度、可溶性固形物、Vc含量、可溶性糖含量、固酸比、糖酸比。2年定位试验处理相比硬度、可溶性固形物提高范围不显著,L5和L6提高量最高;可溶性糖含量提高10.94%～12.86%、L5提高量最高。【结论】苹果废弃枝条与有机肥配施对土壤肥力、产量及品质均有显著改善,L5为最佳配比比例。     

断母乳日龄对犊牛营养物质消化和血清生化指标的影响

本试验旨在研究不同断母乳日龄对犊牛营养物质消化和血清生化指标影响。试验选用新生红安格斯与西门塔尔杂交肉犊牛60头,根据日龄和体重随机分成5个处理,每个处理12头犊牛,公母各占1/2,试验组分别在28、42、56和70日龄进行断母乳(分别为28A、42B、56C、70D组),随后人工哺乳代乳品至90日龄;对照组( CK组)随母哺乳至150日龄。试验时间为出生至150日龄,期间测定体重(0、70、90、150日龄)和血清生化指标(70、90、150日龄)的变化。每个处理选取6头犊牛分别在断奶前(85~90日龄)和断奶后(145~150日龄)进行2期消化代谢试验。每期6 d,其中2 d预试期,4 d正试期。结果显示：1)试验全期体重各组间无显著差异(P>0.05)。2)断奶前各组犊牛营养物质消化率差异不显著(P>0.05),断奶后28A、42B组犊牛干物质消化率显著高于56C、70D组( P<0.05),有机物消化率显著高于70D组( P<0.05),其中42B组消化率略高。3)150日龄试验结束时,28A和42B组血清葡萄糖、总蛋白、甘油三酯、尿素氮、胆固醇、结合珠蛋白、白细胞介素-2、胰岛素样生长因子-1、免疫球蛋白M含量与CK组相比差异不显著( P>0.05),血清免疫球蛋白G、免疫球蛋白A含量分别显著低于、高于CK组( P<0.05),其中42B组略高。由此可见,红安格斯与西门塔尔杂交肉犊牛的断母乳时间以42日龄较为适宜。     

Investigation of biofilm production and icaA and icaD genes in Staphylococcus aureus isolated from heifers and cows with mastitis

Biofilm formation and antimicrobial resistance of Staphylococcus aureus are important virulence factors in cases of mastitis in dairy cows. However, few studies have investigated mastitis strains isolated from heifers. Within this context, the objective of the present study was to investigate biofilm formation on Congo red agar, the presence of the icaA and icaD genes by polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and the percentage of in vitro antimicrobial resistance of 110 S. aureus isolates from mammary gland secretions of heifers and cows with mastitis. PCR detected the icaA and icaD genes in 98% and 100% of isolates, respectively. However, only 55.5% of all isolates produced a biofilm on Congo red agar. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing revealed that 47.0% of isolates from heifers and 70.4% of isolates from cows were resistant to at least one of the antimicrobial agents tested. Resistance to penicillin and/or ampicillin was the most frequent (44.5%). These results indicate the need to implement prophylactic and control measures of mastitis for heifers. Heifers and cows can carry resistant strains with the capacity of biofilm production, a fact representing a threat to public health and animal well‐being and generating losses to dairy farmers.